M49 642
Romania
Romania
Romania
Primary executive
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Head of state
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Editorial profile v1
Verified country brief
Versioned editorial facts take priority over database records on this country page.
- Executive system
- Semi-presidential republic · Co-equal executive functions
- Dominant executive office
- Head of government
- Why this office is primary
- Executive authority is shared institutionally, but the Prime Minister leads the Government and directs day-to-day domestic administration, while the President retains major constitutional powers in representation, defence and foreign affairs.
Government
Bolojan Government
Jun 23, 2025 · De jure
Partidul Național Liberal
PNL
Partidul Social Democrat
PSD
Uniunea Salvați România
USR
Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România
UDMR
Grupul parlamentar al minorităților naționale
Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor
AUR
Legislature and composition
BicameralParliament of Romania
Dec 21, 2024
Chamber of Deputies
331 SeatsSenate
134 SeatsNext election
Date not scheduledNext Romanian presidential election
Date not scheduled · Presidential election
- Electoral system
- Direct election in two rounds
Latest election
Completed2025 Romanian presidential election
May 18, 2025 · Presidential election
- Electoral system
- Direct election in two rounds
- Published result
- Nicușor-Daniel Dan
Current policy issues
- 1Fiscal stabilityGovernment of Romania — Government Programme 2025–2028
- 2State reform and administrative efficiencyGovernment of Romania — Government Programme 2025–2028
- 3Public services and investmentGovernment of Romania — Government Programme 2025–2028
Indexed party landscape
Parties and alliances currently indexed for this jurisdiction. Active and historical labels reflect the source dataset, not an official national register.
- Tracked parties
- 95
- Active in source
- 40
- Historical in source
- 55
- parties shown
- 95
- Founded
- 2004
- Founded
- 2015
- Founded
- 2019
- Ideology
- Right-wing
- Founded
- 1989
- Founded
- 2021
- Ideology
- no family, single candidate
- Ideology
- no family, single candidate
- Ideology
- no family, single candidate
- Ideology
- no family, single candidate, Liberal
- Founded
- 1875
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Ideology
- no family
- Ideology
- no family
More parties (83)
- Ideology
- no family, one seat
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- no family, Ethnic, electoral law minority
- Founded
- Jul 1, 1996
- Ideology
- Conservative
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Green/Ecologist
- Founded
- May 1, 1992
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- 2014
- Founded
- Dec 15, 2018
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- 2014
- Ideology
- Christian democracy
- Ideology
- Conservative
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Christian democracy
- Founded
- Mar 20, 1999
- Ideology
- Christian democracy
- Founded
- 1999
- Founded
- Sep 19, 2011
- Ideology
- Communist/Socialist, Populist, Nationalist
- Founded
- 2011
- Founded
- 1991
- Ideology
- Right-wing, Communist Successor, Nationalist
- Founded
- 2016
- Ideology
- Right-wing, Nationalist
- Founded
- 1996
- Ideology
- Social democracy, Communist Successor
- Founded
- 2015
- Founded
- 2015
- Founded
- Dec 18, 1991
- Ideology
- Conservative
- Founded
- 2005
- Founded
- 2018
- Ideology
- Liberal, Social democracy, European integration
- Founded
- 2022
- Ideology
- Conservative, Ethnic
- Founded
- 1989
- Founded
- 2010
- Ideology
- Social democracy
- Founded
- 2015
- Founded
- Jul 1, 2015
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- 1997
- Ideology
- Social democracy
- Founded
- 1990
- Founded
- 2008
- Founded
- 2008
- Founded
- 1992
- Ideology
- Christian democracy, electoral alliance
- Founded
- 2004
- Ideology
- Christian democracy
- Founded
- 1992
- Founded
- 1933
- Founded
- 1938
- Founded
- 1990
- Founded
- 1927
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- to be coded
- Founded
- 1931
- Founded
- 1923
- Founded
- 1934
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Green/Ecologist
- Founded
- 2007
- Ideology
- Social democracy, Ethnic
- Founded
- 1992
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- 2003
- Founded
- 1921
- Founded
- 1880
- Founded
- 1991
- Founded
- 1908
- Founded
- 1993
- Ideology
- Liberal, Communist Successor
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Agrarian
- Founded
- 2007
- Ideology
- Liberal, Communist Successor
- Founded
- 1919
- Founded
- 2007
- Ideology
- Conservative
- Founded
- 1993
- Founded
- 2007
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- Jul 3, 2014
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- 1995
- Ideology
- Liberal
- Founded
- 1926
- Founded
- 1922
- Founded
- 1935
- Founded
- 1930
- Founded
- 1944
- Founded
- 1942
- Founded
- 1881
- Founded
- 1910
- Founded
- 1996
- Ideology
- Special issue, Pensioners
- Founded
- 1918
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- to be coded
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Social democracy
- Founded
- 1996
- Ideology
- Communist/Socialist
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Communist/Socialist, Communist Successor
- Founded
- 1990
- Ideology
- Communist/Socialist
- Founded
- 1918
- Founded
- 1996
- Ideology
- Communist/Socialist
- Founded
- 1992
- Ideology
- Right-wing, Nationalist
- Founded
- 1918
- Founded
- 1918
- Founded
- 1927
- Founded
- 2004
- Founded
- 2008
Administration
PartialGovernment of Romania
CurrentAug 9, 2026 · 0 Party
Legislature
PartialChamber of Deputies of Romania
Senate
Elections
PartialRomania — Parliamentary election — 2020-12-06
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Dec 6, 2020
Completed
Romania — European Parliament — 2019-05-26
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
May 26, 2019
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 2016-12-11
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Dec 11, 2016
Completed
Romania — European Parliament — 2014-05-25
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
May 25, 2014
Completed
2012 Romanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary election · Legislative
Dec 9, 2012
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 2012-12-09
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Dec 9, 2012
Completed
2009 Romanian presidential election
Presidential election · Head of state
Nov 22, 2009
Completed
2009 European Parliament election in Romania
Parliamentary election · Legislative
Jun 7, 2009
Completed
Romania — European Parliament — 2009-06-07
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Jun 7, 2009
Completed
2008 Romanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary election · Legislative
Nov 30, 2008
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 2008-11-30
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Nov 30, 2008
Completed
2007 European Parliament election in Romania
Parliamentary election · Legislative
Nov 25, 2007
Completed
Romania — European Parliament — 2007-11-25
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Nov 25, 2007
Completed
Romania — European Parliament — 2007-01-01
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Jan 1, 2007
Completed
2004 Romanian presidential election
Presidential election · Head of state
Nov 28, 2004
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 2004-11-28
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Nov 28, 2004
Completed
2000 Romanian presidential election
Presidential election · Head of state
Nov 26, 2000
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 2000-11-26
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Nov 26, 2000
Completed
1996 Romanian presidential election
Presidential election · Head of state
Nov 3, 1996
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 1996-11-03
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Nov 3, 1996
Completed
1992 Romanian presidential election
Presidential election · Head of state
Sep 27, 1992
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 1992-09-27
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
Sep 27, 1992
Completed
1990 Romanian general election
General election · Other contest
May 20, 1990
Completed
Romania — Parliamentary election — 1990-05-20
Parliamentary election · Legislative · Round 1
May 20, 1990
Completed
Candidates
Partial1990 Romanian general election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · May 20, 1990
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1992 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Sep 27, 1992
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1992 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Sep 27, 1992
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1992 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Sep 27, 1992
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1992 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Sep 27, 1992
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1992 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Sep 27, 1992
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1992 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Sep 27, 1992
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
1996 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 3, 1996
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
Paul Philippe Hohenzollern-Lambrino
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2000 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 26, 2000
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2004 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 28, 2004
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
2009 Romanian presidential election · Completed
Aug 9, 2026 · Nov 22, 2009
- Independent clusters, last 30 days
- 0
- Independent clusters, days 31–180
- 0
- Confidence
- 80.0%
Sources
12
- 1Chamber of Deputies — Constitution of Romaniacitation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 2Senate of Romania — Solemn sitting for the presidential oathcitation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 3Monitorul Oficial — Acts signed by President Nicușor-Daniel Dancitation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 4Parliament of Romania — List of the Bolojan Governmentcitation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 5Government of Romania — Government Programme 2025–2028citation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 6Chamber of Deputies — Parliamentary groupscitation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 7Senate of Romania — Parliamentary groupscitation_only · Aug 10, 2026
- 8Inter-American Development Bank Database of Political Institutions 2023CC-BY-4.0 · Aug 9, 2026
- 9WikidataCC0-1.0 · Aug 9, 2026
- 10Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0 · Aug 9, 2026
- 11Party FactsCC0-1.0 · Aug 9, 2026
- 12Unicode Common Locale Data RepositoryUnicode-3.0 · Aug 9, 2026
Political world map
Eastern Europe
RomaniaPrimary executive: Nicușor DanStale
- Complete
- Partial
- Stale
- Conflicting
- Unavailable due to licence
- Not applicable
Boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply a position by CiviOrg. Small territories without geometry remain available in the index.